Hearing loss in tympanic membrane perforations: an analytic study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20183693Keywords:
Hearing loss, Tympanic membrane perforation, CSOMAbstract
Background: Tympanic membrane perforations are common cause of hearing loss. There are very few systematic studies that have evaluated the size and location of a perforation to the degree of hearing loss, this study correlates the size and location of tympanic membrane perforation to the pattern of hearing loss.
Methods: The study design was based on cross sectional study. Ninety-six ears of dry tympanic membrane perforation of CSOM mucosal type were selected. Photographs of the tympanic membrane perforations were taken and size measured using the “Image J” software. The area of perforation was compared to hearing loss measured by pure tone audiometry.
Results: Ninety-six patients, aged 15-60 years with perforated eardrums were studied. Size of tympanic membrane perforation showed moderate level of correlation with hearing loss (Pearson r value=0.463). The various locations of perforations were: posterior (23 ears with Mean hearing loss 28.6±7.7 dB), anterior (31 ears with Mean hearing loss 26.5±7.8dB), subtotal (42 ears with Mean hearing loss 34.2±8.2 dB).
Conclusions: The hearing loss is frequency dependent, with maximum hearing loss at lower frequencies. Irrespective of size of perforation the hearing loss was the least for frequency of 2000Hz. Magnitude of hearing loss increases with increase in size of tympanic membrane perforation. Perforation posterior to handle of malleus resulted in more hearing loss than perforations involving anterior to the handle of malleus.
Metrics
References
Acuin J, Organization WH, others. Chronic suppurative otitis media: burden of illness and management options. 2004; Available at: http://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/42941. Accessed on 3 January 2018.
Hamilton J. Chronic otitis media in childhood. In: Gleeson M, Browning G, editors. Scott-Brown’s Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery. 7th ed, Volume I. London: Edward Arnold publishers; 2008: 929
Glasscock ME, Shambaugh GE, Surgery of the Ear. Fourth ed. Philadelphia Saunders 1990;2:34-57.
Zhang X, Dai Y, Zhang S, She W, Du X, Shui X. Small Tympanic Membrane Perforations in the Inferior Quadrants Do Not Impact the Manubrium Vibration in Guinea Pigs. PLoS ONE. 2012;7(1):e28961.
Vaidya S, Sharma JK, Singh G. Study of outcome of tympanoplasties in relation to size and site of tympanic membrane perforation. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2014;66(3):341–6.
Saliba I, Abela A, Arcand P. Tympanic membrane perforation: size, site and hearing evaluation. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2011;75(4):527–31.
Nahata V, Patil CY, Patil RK, GattaniG,Disawal A, Roy A. Tympanic membrane perforation: Its correlation with hearing loss and frequency affected - An analytical study. Indian J Otol. 2014;20:10-5.
Ibekwe TS, Nwaorgu OG, Ijaduola TG. Correlating the site of tympanic membrane perforation with Hearing loss. BMC Ear, Nose and Throat Disorders. 2009;9:1.
Hsu CY. Chen YS, Hwang. A computer programme to evaluate the size of tympanic membrane perforations. Clin Otolaryngol All Sc. 2004;29:340-2.
Mehta RP, Rosowski JJ, Voss SE, O’Neil E, Merchant SN. Determinants of hearing loss in perforations of the tympanic membrane. Otol Neurotol. 2006;27(2):136–43.
Kumar UA, Bhat KV. Do the site and size of tympanic membrane perforation correlate with audiogram? Asian J Ear, Nose Throat. 2007;4:25-30.
Ahmad SW, Ramani GV. Hearing loss in perforations of the tympanic membrane. J Laryngol Otol. 1979;93(11):1091–8.
Available at: http://imagej.net/Welcome. Accessed on 3 January 2018.
Anthony WP, Harrison CW. Tympanic membrane perforation. Arch Otolaryngol. 1972;95:504-510
Parida PK, Nochikattil SK, Surianarayanan G, Saxena SK, Ganesan S. A Comparative Study of Temporalis Fascia Graft and Vein Graft in Myringoplasty. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2013;65(Suppl 3):569–74.
Gaur RG, Mathew J, Varghese AM, Mathew G, Chandrasekharan R, Anandan S. Microbiological pattern of ear swabs in chronically discharging ears in a tertiary care hospital in India. Indian J Otol. 2013;19:51-4.
Afolabi OA, Salaudeen AG, Ologe FE, Nwabuisi C, Nwawolo CC. Pattern of bacterial isolates in the middle ear discharge of patients with chronic suppurative otitis media in a tertiary hospital in North central Nigeria. Afr Health Sci. 2012;12(3):362–7.
Pannu KK, Chadha S, Kumar D, Preeti null. Evaluation of hearing loss in tympanic membrane perforation. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2011;63(3):208–13.
Bernard Rosner. Fundamentals of Biostatistics, 5th Edition, Duxbury; 1999; 80-240.
McArdle FE, Tonndorf J. Perforations of the tympanic membrane and their effects upon middle-ear transmission. Arch Klin Exp Ohren Nasen Kehlkopfheilkd. 1968;192(2):145–62.
Bigelow DC, Swanson PB, Saunders JC. The effect of tympanic membrane perforation size on umbo velocity in the rat. Laryngoscope. 1996;106(1 Pt 1):71–6.
Lerut B, Pfammatter A, Moons J, Linder T. Functional correlations of tympanic membrane perforation size. Otol Neurotol. 2012;33(3):379–86.
Sun C, Wang X, Zheng Z, Chen D, Wang X, Shi F, et al. A single dose of dexamethasone encapsulated in polyethylene glycol-coated polylactic acid nanoparticles attenuates cisplatin-induced hearing loss following round window membrane administration. Int J Nanomed. 2015;10:3567–79.
Mood ZA, Daniel SJ. Use of a microendoscope for transtympanic drug delivery to the round window membrane in chinchillas. Otol Neurotol. 2012;33(8):1292–6.
Samarei R. Comparison of Local and Systemic Ciprofloxacin Ototoxicity in the Treatment of Chronic Media Otitis. Glob J Health Sci. 2014;6(7):144–9.
Von Bekesy G. Experiments in hearing. New York: McGraw Hill, 1960.
Payne MC, Githler FJ. Effects of perforations of the tympanic membrane on cochlear potentials. AMA Arch Otolaryngol. 1951;54(6):666–74.
Bianca N, Doina V, Ermil T. Annals of the University of Lower Author Help: Reference checking facility Danube Galati. Medicine Beam XVII. 2011;2:17.
Malik S, Ashrafi K, Sohail Z, Afaq S, Nawaz A. Determinants of variable hearing loss in patients with chronic suppurative otitis media. Pak J Otolaryngol. 2012;28:45-7.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
