Prevalence and pattern of thyroid malignancy in thyroid nodule in Aseer Central Hospital in KSA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20174207Keywords:
Thyroid nodules, Thyroid carcinoma, PrevalenceAbstract
Background: Thyroid nodules are common in the general population, especially in women. Non palpable nodules are often found when patients undergo diagnostic imaging such as ultrasonography and computed tomography of the chest and neck. This retrospective study to assess the Prevalence of thyroid malignancy in thyroid nodule related to gender, age, and pathology, in Aseer Central Hospital KSA.
Methods: During a 5-year period (2011–2016), the medical records of 319 patients with thyroid nodules were collected from the department of pathology at Aseer Central Hospital KSA. The cases were reviewed for data on gender, age, and the pathological result. All patients underwent hemi or total thyroidectomy. Comparisons between genders, age groups, and tissue origins were performed. All statistical tests were performed with SPSS software.
Results: Over a period of 5 years, a total of 319 patients: male 17.2% and female 82.8% Underwent for hemi or total thyroidectomy. The age of presentation was ranging from 14 to 80 years. Among the 319 cases of thyroid nodules 73.7% were benign nodules and 26.3% malignant nodules. Papillary thyroid carcinoma in 72.6%, follicular thyroid carcinoma 10.6%, Hurthle cell carcinoma 4.8%, anaplastic carcinoma 4.8%, thyroid lymphoma 4.8% and medullary thyroid carcinoma in 2.4%.
Conclusions: Thyroid nodule is a common clinical problem and the proportion of such nodules that prove to be malignant is not small, investigations are of immense help to corroborate with the clinical and morphological finding. Papillary thyroid carcinoma most common malignant thyroid carcinoma followed by follicular thyroid carcinoma, hurthel cell carcinoma, anaplastic thyroid carcinoma, lymphoma and finally medullary thyroid Carcinoma. No significant different between male and female as risk factors for malignancy.
References
Cooper DS, Doherty GM, Haugen BR, Kloos RT, Lee SL, Mandel SJ, et al. Revised American Thyroid Association management guidelines for patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer: the American Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines taskforce on thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer. 2009;19(11):1167-214.
Tunbridge WMG, Evered DC, Hall R, Appleton D, Brewis M, Clark F, et al. The spectrum of thyroid disease in a community: the Whickham survey. Clin Endocrinol. 1977;7(6):481-93.
Stang MT, Carty SE. Recent developments in predicting thyroid malignancy. Curr opi Oncol. 2009;21(1):11-7.
Yoon DY, Chang SK, Choi CS, Yun EJ, Seo YL, Nam ES, et al. The prevalence and significance of incidental thyroid nodules identified on computed tomography. J Computer Assisted Tomography. 2008;32(5):810-5.
Mandel SJ. A 64-year-old woman with a thyroid nodule. J Am Med Associate. 2004;292(21):2632-42.
Kilfoy BA, Zheng T, Holford TR, Han X, Ward MH, Sjodin A, et al. International patterns and trends in thyroid cancer incidence, 2009; 1973–2002. Cancer Causes Control. 2009;20(5):525-31.
Yeung MJ, Serpell JW. Management of the solitary thyroid nodule. Oncologist. 2008;13(2):105-12.
Refeidi AA, Al-Shehri GY, Al-Ahmary AM, Tahtouh MI, Alsareii SA, Al-Ghamdi AG, et al. Patterns of thyroid cancer in Southwestern Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J. 2010;31(11):1238-41.
Shrestha D, Shrestha S. The incidence of thyroid carcinoma in Multinodular goiter: A retrospective study. J Coll Med Sci-Nepal. 2015;10(4):18-21.
Alzahrani AS, Alomar H, Alzahrani N. Thyroid Cancer in Saudi Arabia: A Histopathological and Outcome Study. Int J Endocrinol. 2017;8423147:7.
Ali BZ, Phulpoto JA, Shaikh NA. Multinodular goiter; frequency of malignancy. Professional Med J 2013;20(6):1035-41.
Ullah I, Hafeez M, Ahmad N, Muahammad G, Gandapur S. Incidence of thyroid malignancy in multinodular goiter. Cell. 2014;92:333-9115307.
Manzoor A, Khan F, Jamal S. Frequency of Malignancy in Multi-nodular Goiter: A Tertiary Care Hospital Experience. J Islamabad Med Dental Coll. 2015;4(2):64-7.
Moussa S, Alshammari A, Alshammari G, Alshammar K, Alanzi M, Alanzi N, et al. Pattern of Thyroid Disease in Hail Region, Saudi Arabia. Int J Sci Res. 2014;5(2):276-82.
Al-Amri, Ali M. Pattern of Thyroid Cancer in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia: University Hospital Experience. J Cancer Therap. 2012;3(3):187.