Low serum prestin level as a potential biomarker for sudden sensorineural hearing loss: a cross-sectional study

Ni Putu Oktaviani Rinika Pranitasari; I. Wayan Lolik Lesmana; Made Wiranadha; I. Wayan Sutirtayasa; Putu Novi Handayani

doi:10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20262322

Authors

Ni Putu Oktaviani Rinika Pranitasari Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Udayana University Hospital, Badung, Indonesia
I. Wayan Lolik Lesmana Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Udayana University Hospital, Badung, Indonesia
Made Wiranadha Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Prof. Dr. I. G. N. G. Ngoerah Hospital, Denpasar, Indonesia
I. Wayan Sutirtayasa Department of Clinical Pathology, Prof I. G. N. G. Ngoerah General Hospital, Indonesia
Putu Novi Handayani Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20262322

Keywords:

Prestin, Sudden sensorineural hearing loss, Biomarker

Abstract

Background: Prestin (SLC26A5) is a membrane motor protein that has a role in amplification and electromotility of the outer hair cells of the cochlea. Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is a rapidly emerging hearing impairment caused by damage to the cochlear hair cells. Therefore, this study aims to analyse the potential of prestin serum as a biomarker in establishing the diagnosis of SSNHL.

Methods: This study is a cross-sectional analytical observational study conducted at Prof I.G.N.G. Ngoerah general hospital, a tertiary hospital in Bali involving 13 SSNHL patients who had not yet received therapy, as well as 12 healthy control subjects. Serum prestin levels were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and audiometric examinations were performed to assess the degree of hearing loss. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS statistics version 30.0 computer program. The normal serum prestin level was identified through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The analysis was further performed with Chi-square or Fisher's exact as alternative tests and logistic regression by controlling the confounding variables to determine the risk factors of SSNHL. Statistically significant result defined as p value <0.05.

Results: According to the ROC curve analysis, the normal serum prestin threshold was 450.7 pg/ml. Serum prestin levels <450.7 pg/ml were categorized as low, and >450.7 pg /ml as high. Based on the Fisher exact test, low serum prestin levels were significantly associated to SSNHL with the OR 7.7 (95% CI 1.159-11.171, p=0.041). Logistic regression analysis was further performed by controlling the confounding variables and showed that low serum prestin level was significantly an independent predictor of SSNHL with an Adjusted OR 15.4 (95% CI 1.028-230.9, p=0.0048).

Conclusions: Low prestin serum levels are significantly promising potential biomarkers in the diagnosis of SSNHL.

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