Incidence of malignancy among thyroid swellings

Muhammad Kamrul Hasan; Mohammad Harun-or-Rashid; Mohammad Nazrul Islam; Rizvan Forhad; Rifat Anwar Shishir; Shihab Uddin

doi:10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20262374

Authors

Muhammad Kamrul Hasan Department of ENT, Jamalpur Medical College, Jamalpur, Bangladesh
Mohammad Harun-or-Rashid Department of ENT, Jamalpur Medical College, Jamalpur, Bangladesh
Mohammad Nazrul Islam Department of ENT, 250 Bedded General Hospital, Tangail, Bangladesh
Rizvan Forhad Department of Otolaryngology- Head Neck Surgery, Kumudini Women's Medical College and Hospital, Tangail, Bangladesh
Rifat Anwar Shishir Department of Otolaryngology, Bangladesh Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Shihab Uddin Department of ENT & Head-Neck Surgery, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20262374

Keywords:

Malignancy incidence, Thyroid swelling, Thyroid cancer

Abstract

Background: Thyroid swellings are common in clinical practice, with most being benign, although a small but significant proportion may harbor malignancy. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the incidence of malignancy among thyroid swellings in a tertiary care hospital setting.

Methods: This observational cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of ENT and Head-Neck Surgery, Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Rajshahi, Bangladesh, from June to December 2014. Fifty patients with clinically and sonographically diagnosed thyroid swellings undergoing thyroidectomy were included to determine the incidence of malignancy. All patients were evaluated clinically and investigated with FNAC, thyroid function tests and ultrasonography, with histopathology confirming the final diagnosis.

Results: Among 50 patients, most were aged 31–40 years (40.0%), with females 84.0% (F:M=5.25:1) and middle class 70.0%. Neck swelling was present in 100%, with dysphagia 8.0%, pain 6.0%, dyspnoea 2.0% and lymphadenopathy 2.0%. Most presented within 6 months–2 years (48.0%). Solid nodules were 70.0% and multinodular goitre 68.0%. FNAC showed colloid goitre 76.0%, with malignancy 14.0% (7 cases). Papillary carcinoma accounted for 85.7%, with metastasis 14.3%. Hemithyroidectomy was most common (60.0%), followed by total thyroidectomy (22.0%).

Conclusions: Thyroid swellings show a 14.0% incidence of malignancy, higher in males and extreme age groups, with papillary carcinoma being the most common type.

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