Epidemiological, clinical and histological profile of oral carcinomas at the Sylvanus Olympio University Hospital in Lome

Palakina P. Agoda; Komlan M. Bouassalo; Essobiziou Amana; Winga Foma; Gbandi Pekoula; Bathokedeou Amana; Tchin Darré

doi:10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20252979

Authors

Palakina P. Agoda Department of Odonto-Stomatology, Campus University Hospital, Lomé, Togo
Komlan M. Bouassalo Department of ENT and Cervicomaxillo-Facial Surgery, Sylvanus Olympio University Hospital (CHU-SO), Lomé, Togo
Essobiziou Amana Department of ENT and Cervicomaxillo-Facial Surgery, Sylvanus Olympio University Hospital (CHU-SO), Lomé, Togo
Winga Foma Department of ENT and Cervicomaxillo-Facial Surgery, Sylvanus Olympio University Hospital (CHU-SO), Lomé, Togo
Gbandi Pekoula Department of ENT and Cervicomaxillo-Facial Surgery, Sylvanus Olympio University Hospital (CHU-SO), Lomé, Togo
Bathokedeou Amana Department of ENT and Cervicomaxillo-Facial Surgery, Sylvanus Olympio University Hospital (CHU-SO), Lomé, Togo
Tchin Darré Department of Pathological Anatomy, CHU-SO, Lomé, Togo

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20252979

Keywords:

Oral cancer, Oral carcinoma, Lomé

Abstract

Background: Early detection of oral carcinomas is a crucial public health issue. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological, clinical and histopathological profile of carcinomas diagnosed in a referral healthcare facility in Lomé

Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted over a period of 10 years, including the medical records of patients presenting with carcinoma of the oral cavity confirmed by anatomopathological examination. Clinical and histopathological socio-demographic parameters were collected and analysed using R software version 4.0.4.

Results: Forty-five (45) cases of carcinoma of the oral cavity were included, with an annual frequency of 4.5 cases. Males predominated with 68.9% of cases. The age group 55 and over was the most affected, with 71.2% of the sample. Alcohol was the most common risk factor (82.2%). The tongue was the preferred site of oral carcinomas with 55.5% and squamous cell carcinoma was the most common histological type.

Conclusions: The carcinoma of the oral cavity in Lomé are predominantly male, in relatively elderly patients with an alcohol-smoking past. While awaiting more in-depth studies on risk factors, raising awareness of the harmful effects of these factors will make it possible to deduce the incidence and morbidity of carcinomas in Togo.

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