Clinicopathological patterns of benign and malignant sino-nasal tumours: insights from a single-center study

Muhammad Mahmudul Haque; M. Khaled Shahrear; Ashik Ikbal

doi:10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20251496

Authors

Muhammad Mahmudul Haque Department of ENT, Rajshahi Medical College, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
M. Khaled Shahrear Department of ENT, Rajshahi Medical College, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
Ashik Ikbal Department of ENT, Rajshahi Medical College, Rajshahi, Bangladesh

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20251496

Keywords:

Clinicopathological patterns, Malignant sino-nasal tumours, Maxillary antrum, Hemangioma

Abstract

Background: Sino-nasal tumors, arising from the nasal cavity and sinuses, can be benign or malignant. Due to nonspecific symptoms and complex anatomy, diagnosis is often delayed. This study explores their prevalence, types, and distribution.

Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the ENT and head-neck surgery department, Rajshahi medical college hospital, Rajshahi, from June 2014 to November 2014. A total of 60 patients presenting with sinonasal tumors were selected as study subjects by purposive sampling technique. Data analysis was done by statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. A descriptive method was adopted.

Results: This study on sino-nasal tumors found that 93.33% (56 out of 60) of the cases are benign, while only 6.67% (4 cases) are malignant. The maxillary antrum is the most affected site for malignancies (100%), followed by the nasal cavity (75%) and ethmoidal sinuses (25%). Among the malignant cases, 75% are classified as T4, indicating extensive disease. The most common benign tumors are haemangioma and rhinosporidiosis, each comprising 28.5% of benign cases. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the predominant malignant type, accounting for 75% of malignant tumors, highlighting the overall prevalence of benign lesions in the sinonasal region.

Conclusions: This study highlights that benign sino-nasal tumors, especially haemangiomas and rhinosporidiosis, are more common, while SCC is the leading malignancy. Malignant cases often present late, mainly affect the maxillary antrum, and cause symptoms like nasal obstruction and facial pain.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Thompson LD, Franchi A. New tumor entities in the 4th edition of the World Health Organization classification of head and neck tumors: Nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and skull base. Virchows Arch. 2018;472:315-30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00428-017-2116-0

Dulguerov P, Jacobsen MS, Allal AS, Lehmann W, Calcaterra T. Nasal and paranasal sinus carcinoma: are we making progress? A series of 220 patients and a systematic review. Cancer. 2001;92(12):3012-29. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(20011215)92:12<3012::AID-CNCR10131>3.0.CO;2-E

Turner JH, Reh DD. Incidence and survival in patients with sinonasal cancer: a historical analysis of population‐based data. Head Neck. 2012;34(6):877-85. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/hed.21830

Barnes L. Pathology and genetics of head and neck tumors. IARC. 2005.

Franchi A, Miligi L, Palomba A, Giovannetti L, Santucci M. Sinonasal carcinomas: recent advances in molecular and phenotypic characterization and their clinical implications. Crit Rev Oncol/Hematol. 2011;79(3):265-77. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.critrevonc.2010.08.002

Dutta R, Dubal PM, Svider PF, Liu JK, Baredes S, Eloy JA. Sinonasal malignancies: a population‐based analysis of site‐specific incidence and survival. The Laryngoscope. 2015;125(11):2491-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/lary.25465

Cantù G, Bimbi G, Miceli R, Mariani L, Colombo S, Riccio S, et al. Lymph node metastases in malignant tumors of the paranasal sinuses: prognostic value and treatment. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2008;134(2):170-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/archoto.2007.30

Kowalski LP. Classification and prevalence. Future Medicine Ltd. 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2217/ebo.12.408

Llorente JL, López F, Suárez C, Hermsen MA. Sinonasal carcinoma: clinical, pathological, genetic and therapeutic advances. Nature Rev Clin Oncol. 2014;11(8):460-72. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nrclinonc.2014.97

Thompson LD, Penner C, Ho NJ, Foss RD, Miettinen M, Wieneke JA, et al. Sinonasal tract and nasopharyngeal adenoid cystic carcinoma: a clinicopathologic and immunophenotypic study of 86 cases. Head Neck Pathol. 2014;8:88-109. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12105-013-0487-3

Caruntu A, Scheau C, Tampa M, Georgescu SR, Caruntu C, Tanase C. Complex interaction among immune, inflammatory, and carcinogenic mechanisms in the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. InBest Practice in Health Care Cham: Springer International Publishing.. 2021;11-35. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/5584_2021_626

Vedanthan PK, Nelson HS, Agashe SN, Mahesh PA, Katial R. Textbook of Allergy for the Clinician. CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group. 2014.

Miligi L, Buzzoni C, Piro S. Epidemiology of sinonasal cancer in book Pathology of sinonasal tumors and tumor-like lesions. 2020;3-17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29848-7_1

Binazzi A, di Marzio D, Mensi C, Consonni D, Miligi L, Piro S, et al. Gender Differences in Sinonasal Cancer Incidence: Data from the Italian Registry. Cancers. 202429;16(11):2053. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16112053

Rivas-Rodriguez F, Capizzano AA. Imaging of the Sinonasal Cavities. Dental Clin. 2024;68(2):337-55. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cden.2023.09.007

Swain SK. Human rhinosporidiosis: Still an elusive disease. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2020;6:1747-52. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20203588

Elgart K, Faden DL. Sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma: etiology, pathogenesis, and the role of human papillomavirus. Curr Otorhinolaryngol Rep. 2020;8:111-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40136-020-00279-6

Sharma D, Sharma N, Sharma V. Sinonasal cancers: diagnosis and management. London, UK: IntechOpen. 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.81161

Rutkowska M, Hnitecka S, Dominiak M. Sinonasal malignancies-clinico-pathological characteristics and difficulties in diagnostics. Advances in biomedical research-from cancer prevention to treatment. Edited by: Bialy L, Mlynarczuk-Bialy I. Lubin: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Tygiel. 2020;143-56.

Eggesbø HB. Imaging of sinonasal tumours. Cancer Imaging. 2012;12:136. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1102/1470-5206.2012.0015

Li Z, Wang X, Jiang H, Qu X, Wang C, Chen X, et al. Chronic invasive fungal rhinosinusitis vs sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma: the differentiating value of MRI. European Radiol. 2020;30:4466-74. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-020-06838-1

Harris A, Andl T. Precancerous lesions of the head and neck region and their stromal aberrations: piecemeal data. Cancers. 2023;15(8):2192. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15082192

Bussu F, Tagliaferri L, Corbisiero MF, Lotto C, Pellini R, Guarino P, et al. Management of nasal vestibule carcinomas: recommendations by the Oncological Committee of the Italian Society of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. Acta Otorhinolaryngologica Italica. 2024;44(1):13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14639/0392-100X-N2786