Unravelling Kartagener’s syndrome in the face of recurrent polyposis: a case report

Abstract

Kartagener’s syndrome (KS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by a triad of situs inversus, chronic sinusitis, and bronchiectasis. It results from primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), caused by ultrastructural defects in the dynein arm of microtubules, leading to impaired mucociliary clearance. While chronic sinusitis is a well-recognized feature, nasal polyposis can sometimes be an initial presentation, making early diagnosis challenging. We report the case of a 40-year-old male who presented with persistent nasal polyposis and a history of recurrent sinus infections. Further evaluation, including imaging and clinical assessment, revealed that his nasal polyposis was part of the broader spectrum of KS. The presence of situs inversus and bronchiectasis confirmed the diagnosis. This case underscores the importance of considering KS in patients presenting with unexplained chronic nasal polyposis, particularly when associated with recurrent sinusitis. Early recognition and diagnosis are crucial in optimizing management and preventing long-term complications. A multidisciplinary approach is essential to improve clinical outcomes and quality of life for affected individuals.