Eagle’s syndrome: mimicker of submandibular and temporomandibular joint pathology
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20242047Keywords:
Eagle’s syndrome, Elongated, Styloid processAbstract
Eagle’s syndrome is characterized by recurrent pain in the oropharynx and face due to an elongated styloid process or calcified stylohyoid ligament. Various theories existed to explain about development of Eagle’s syndrome. Symptoms are variable and non-specific, thus making it a challenge and dilemma to recognize and diagnose it clinically, and sometimes it can be missed out. A good history taking is important to recognize the disease with proper physical examination. Radiological intervention has been an important tool to diagnose Eagle’s syndrome. A 31 years old lady with presentation of right submandibular pain for one week, radiating to right preauricular region, associated with odynophagia, trismus and reduced oral intake. She was initially misdiagnosed as submandibular sialadenitis and lymphadenitis, and later was referred to dental for temporomandibular joint arthritis. She was treated with antibiotic initially however symptoms were not improved. CT neck done and revealed elongated right styloid process. Excision of right styloid process provided complete pain relief. Even though Eagle’s syndrome is not a common disease, in cases of unexplained complain of pain over head and neck region, it should be considered as one of the differential diagnosis. Eagle’s syndrome can be managed medically by symptomatic treatment/by surgical intervention.
Metrics
References
Montalbetti L, Ferrandi D, Pergami P, Savoldi F. Elongated styloid process and Eagle’s syndrome. Sage J Cephalalgia. 1995;15(2):80-93.
Kim E, Hansen K, Frizzi J. Eagle syndrome: Case report and review of the literature. Ear Nose Throat J. 2008;87(11):631-3.
Branko P, Đorđe R, Vladimir K, Nadežda CS. Styloid syndrome: A review of literature. Srp Arh Celok lek. 2008;136(11-12):667-74.
Koshy JM, Narayan M, Narayanan S, Priya BS, Sumathy G. Elongated styloid process: A study. J Pharmacy Bioallied Sci. 2015;7(1):131-3.
Monsour PA, Young WG. Variability of the styloid process and stylohyoid ligament in panoramic radiographs. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1986;61(5):522-6.
Kaufman SM, Elzay RP, Irish EF. Styloid process variation. Radiologic and clinical study. Arch Otolaryngol. 1970;91(5):460-3.
Baddour HM, McAnear JT, Tilson HB. Eagle's syndrome. Report of a case. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1978;46(4):486-94.
Scavone G, Caltabiano DC, Raciti MV, Calcagno MC, Pennisi M, Musumeci AG, et al. Eagle's syndrome: a case report and CT pictorial review. Radiol Case Rep. 2019;14(2):141-5.
Boucher Y, Mularski A, Felizardo R, Tankere F, Dieb M. Chronic oropharyngeal pain and medical nomadism in an Eagle’s syndrome patient: a case report. J Med Case Rep. 2022;16:201.
Han MK, Kim DW, Yang JY. Non-Surgical Treatment of Eagle's SyndromeA Case Report. Kor J Pain. 2013;26(2):169-72.
Joy L, Arabhanvi R, Viswanatha B. Eagle’s Syndrome: A Case Report. Res Otolaryngol. 2020;9(1):1-3.
Fonseca HB, Da Costa SM, Jamil LC. Eagle syndrome: a case report. Rev Bras Cir Plást. 2019;34(2):287-90.
Warrier AS, Nanthini KC, Subadra K, Harini DM. Eagle’s Syndrome: A Case Report of a Unilateral Elongated Styloid Process. Cureus. 2019;11(4):e4430.
Wacławek M, Pietkiewicz P, Niewiadomski P. Own experience in the diagnosis and treatment of elongated styloid process syndrome. J Olszewski Otolaryngol Pol. 2021;75(2):21-7.
Pradhan U, Adhikari TR. Diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma in orofacial pain: A rare case of bilateral Eagle syndrome. SAGE Open Medical Case Reports. 2022;10:2050313X221116950.
