Rhinofacial entomophthoromycosis: a case report

Authors

  • Adil Ummer Department of Otorhinolaryngology, MES Medical College, Malappuram, Kerala, India
  • Sandeep Sreedhar Department of Otorhinolaryngology, MES Medical College, Malappuram, Kerala, India
  • Anwar Sadath Choolakkaparambu Aboobakker Department of Otorhinolaryngology, MES Medical College, Malappuram, Kerala, India
  • Nalakath Kunjhimon Bashir Department of Otorhinolaryngology, MES Medical College, Malappuram, Kerala, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20210176

Keywords:

Conidiobolomycosis, Entomophthoromycosis, Rhinofacial

Abstract

Rhinofacial entomophthoromycosis or conidiobolomycosis is a rare subcutaneous mycosis seen in immunocompetent people and shows significant male preponderance. It is caused by a saprophytic fungus ‘conidiobolus coronatus’ or rarely conidiobolus incogruus. The mode of transmission is probably inhalation of fungal spores, which implant in nasal mucosa and cause an orofacial granulomatosis. It is reported mainly in tropical and subtropical countries. The infection is frequently underreported since it requires high level of clinical suspicion. Histopathology and fungal culture are the diagnostic modalities. No single antifungal drug has been found to give consistent results against this infection. Here we present a case of rhinofacial entomophthoromycosis (conidiobolomycosis) in an adult male with a disfiguring lesion over the dorsum of nose. The patient was started on itraconazole initially. Following no response to the treatment, he was administered potassium iodide solution. The patient was observed to have symptomatic improvement, but was lost to follow up.  

 

References

Chowdhary A, Randhawa HS, Khan ZU, Ahmad S, Khanna G, Gupta R, et al. Rhinoentomo-phthoromycosis due to Conidiobolus coronatus. A case report and an overview of the disease in India. Sabouraudia. 2010;48(6):870-9.

Menon S, Pujary K, Kudva R, Ramaswamy B. Rhinofacialentomophthoromycosis. Case Rep. 2018;2018.

Shaikh N, Hussain KA, Petraitiene R, Schuetz AN, Walsh TJ. Entomophthoramycosis: a neglected tropical mycosis. Clinic Microbiol Infect. 2016;22(8):688-94.

Nathan MD, Keller Jr AP, Lerner CJ, Davis JC. Entomophthorales infection of the maxillofacial region. Laryngoscope. 1982;92(7):767-9.

Gupta N, So Neja M. Diagnosis and Treatment of Conidiobolomycosis: A Review of 75 Cases from the Indian Subcontinent. J Clinic Diagnost Res. 2019 Mar 1;13(3).

Nayak DR, Pillai S, Rao L. Rhinofacial zygomycosis caused by Conidiobolus coronatus. Ind J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2004;56(3):225-7.

Souza JM, Sproesser Junior AJ, Felippu Neto A, Fuks FB, Oliveira CA. Rhino facial zygomycosis: case report. Einstein. 2014;12(3):347-50.

Sigera LS, Janappriya GH, Lakshan MT, Pitigalage NJ, Jayasekera PI, Dayasena RP, et al. Rhinofacial Conidiobolomycosis: A Case Series and Review of the Literature. Ear Nose Throat J. 2020:0145561319892475.

Thomas MM, Bai SM, Jayaprakash C, Jose P, Ebenezer R. Rhinoentomophthoromycosis. Ind J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2006;72(4):296.

Downloads

Published

2021-01-25

Issue

Section

Case Reports